Refer to your plans to find the dimensions for the roof angle you are cutting. The vertical cut is called the birdsmouth and the horizontal cut is called the seat. The second step will be to mark and cut out the birds mouth and horizontal seat. Make sure to cut on the “waste” side of the line so the rafter size will be as accurate as possible.If you have a chop saw you can set the angle of your ridge cut on the saw and make the cuts without using the angle from the framing or speed square. You will also notice that the 18 and one half mark on the Protractor markings will be lined up with the edge of the board. Pivot the square until the 4 on the Common markings lines up with the edge of the board. Now take the square and put the pivot point, on the point where the line you made meets the edge of the board. Measure from the eve end of the rafter board to the long point that will be the ridge of the rafter and place a mark on the board, this is the overall length of the rafter.Use the square to make a square line on the board that goes from edge to edge of the board. A rafter or speed square will have marks for both of these angles.
The roof on this shed is a 4 in 12 slope which makes it a 18 and one half degree angle on the board ends. The ridge end of the rafter, and often the eve end, will need to be cut to the angle of the roof slope. The first step in building the roof rafters is to cut one rafter board to length with the ends angled properly and then to mark and cut the birds mouth and seat on the rafter.
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